INSTRUCTIONS

Question 1

Which of the following is a term used to describe the eye:

Oris
Oculus
Axilla
Mentus

Question 2

Humans are said to have ___________ thumbs since we can pinch our thumb and fifth digit (“pinky finger”) together and grasp tools

Retractable
Depressable
Opposable
Pronatable

Question 3

A person lying face down is in the ________ position

Prone
Supine
Anatomical
Posterior

Question 4

A herniated disc is an injury of the pads of cartilage between the vertebrae in which the cartilage bulges from normal position. What type of cartilage is affected?

Fibrocartilage
Dense regular
Dense irregular
Hyaline

Question 5

A burn that destroys all layers of the skin and extends into the subcutaneous tissues is classified as a _______ burn

First degree
Third degree
Fourth degree

Question 6

A severe infection leading to sepsis is a major cause of metabolic acidosis. It does so by causing ________

Ketoacidosis
Lactic acidosis
Ketoalkalosis
None of these are correct

Question 7

The most important buffer system in extracellular fluids is the ________ buffer system

Sodium bicarbonate
Phosphate
Hemoglobin
Protein

Question 8

The 2 most important compensatory mechanisms for dealing with acid/base changes are respiratory compensation and _________ compensation.

Hepatic
Colonic
Renal
Integumentary

Question 9

Acids _______ Hydrogen ions and ______ pH

Donate…Raise
Donate…Lower
Accept…Raise
Accept…Lower

Question 10

You achieve a state of fluid balance when the amount of water you gain each day by ________is equal to the amount of water that you lose to the environment

Drinking water
Consuming foods with a high water content
Producing water as a by-product of cellular respiration
All of these

Question 11

The major cation in intracellular fluid/cytoplasm that is essential for membrane function and fluid balance is:

Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium

Question 12

The fluid between your cells is called:

Intracellular fluid
Interstitial fluid
Plasma
Lymphatic fluid

Question 13

A compound microscope has:

One lens
Two or more lenses

Question 14

To focus a specimen with a microscope, it is best to start with which objective:

Scanning power
Low power
High dry power
Oil immersion

Question 15

A microscope has a 4x scanning power objective and a 10x ocular lens, what is this microscopes total magnification?

4x
14x
40x
400x

Question 16

The layer of the epidermis where cells stop dividing, are keratinized, dehydrate, and die is the:

Stratum corneum
Stratum germinativum/basale
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum

Question 17

They key protein that makes up the structure of hair and nails and also plays an important role in skin is:

Keratin
Elastin
Fibrin
IGF-1

Question 18

The type of glands that are found in the armpits, around the nipples, and in the groin are ________ glands

Ceruminous
Apocrine sweat
Merocrine/eccrine sweat
Sebaceous

Question 19

Large, multinucleated cells that can dissolve the bony matrix and release calcium into the bloodstream are:

Osteocytes
Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts

Question 20

In adults, red bone marrow is primarily found in:

Short bones like the carpal and tarsal bones
Flat bones like the pelvis and sternum
Marrow cavity of long bones
All of these

Question 21

The functional unit of compact bone is the:

Canaliculi
Osteon
Periosteum
Trabeculae

Question 22

A rounded hole through a bone is termed a

Ramus
Foramen
Linea
Tubercle

Question 23

The mastoid process is a part of the ________ bone

Sphenoid
Zygomatic
Occipital
Temporal

Question 24

Which of the following bones make up the pectoral girdle?

Clavicle and scapula
Sternum, clavicle, and scapula
Clavicle and sternum
Scapula and humerus

Question 25

The type of muscle contraction that causes a muscle to LENGTHEN while it contracts is:

Isometric
Concentric
Eccentric

Question 26

When a muscle cell is stimulated to contract, a release of calcium cause a change in the shape of _______ which allows the cross bridge formation between actin and myosin

Calcineurin
Fascicles
Troponin
Sarcolemma

Question 27

Large-diameter, densely packed myofibrils, large glycogen reserves, and few mitochondria are characteristics of:

Slow/slow-twitch fibers
Fast/quick-twitch fibers

Question 28

The muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominoplevic cavities is the:

Rectus abdominus
Diaphragm
Gastrocnemius
Latissimus dorsi

Question 29

Which group of muscles extend the knee?

Quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius)
Triceps surae (gastrocnemius, soleus)
Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus)
Adductor muscle group (adductor longus, adductor magnus, pectineus)

Question 30

The longest muscle in the human body is the:

Gracilis
Sartorius
Rectus femoris
Sternocleidomastoid

Question 31

The division of the autonomic nervous system that is excitatory is the ________ branch

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Somatic
Spinocerebellar

Question 32

In a(n) ________ reflex, a sensory neuron synapses directly on a motor neuron

Sensory
Polysynaptic
Monosynaptic
Integrative

Question 33

All parasympathetic synapses use ________ as a neurotransmitter

Norepinephrine
Acetylcholine
Nitric oxide
Epinephrine

Question 34

The maintenance of a stable and optimal internal environment in an organism is termed:

Positive feedback
Homeostasis
Negative feedback
Effector control
Integration

Question 35

As your body temperature rises you will see an increase in blood flow to your ________ to help restore a stable core temperature

Brain
Kidneys
Skin
Liver

Question 36

Regular physical activity and exercise will lead to ________ in bone density as your body adapts to the increased load placed on your bones and joints

Increases
Decreases
No change

Question 37

The photoreceptors involved in color, central vision are the _________

Rods
Cones

Question 38

The cranial nerves that control sensation to the tongue are ___________.

VII and IX
VI and IX
VIII and X
VII and VIII

Question 39

The __________ of the inner ear senses rotational movements.

Saccule
Semicircular canals
Cochlea
Utricle

Question 40

In order to maintain cellular homeostasis, an important exchange pump within the cell membrane ejects ________ ions from the cell and imports ________ ions

Potassium…Calcium
Sodium…Calcium
Potassium…Sodium
Sodium…Potassium

Question 41

A transitional epithelium would be found:

Lining the urinary bladder
Lining the ducts that drain sweat glands
Lining kidney tubules
Lining the stomach

Question 42

Unlike bone, cartilage:

Is a connective tissue
Has a matrix that contains collagen
Is avascular
Has a two-layered outer covering

Question 43

In the absence of Oxygen, the pyruvate (pyruvic acid) produced during glycolysis will become ________

Citrate
Lactic acid
Oxaloacetate
Body fat

Question 44

When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone and becomes an epiphyseal line:

Puberty begins
Interstitial bone growth begins
Appositional bone growth begins
Long bones have reached their adult length, bone lengthening ceases
The bone becomes more brittle

Question 45

Neurotransmitters are released from a synapse with the help of which electrolyte?

Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium

Question 46

Opening of sodium channels in the membrane of a neuron results in:

Depolarization
Repolarization
Hyperpolarization
None of the above

Question 47

Resting membrane potential is ________mV, a depolarized nerve is at ________mV, and a hyperpolarized nerve is at ________mV

-90…+30…-70
-70…+30…-90
-30…+90…-70
+70…-30…+90

Question 48

The visual cortex is in the:

Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe
Insular lobe
Frontal lobe

Question 49

Your malleus, incus, and stapes are known ad the auditory ________

Organs
Ossicles
Ostecytes
Stimulators

Question 50

Digestion is primarily a ________ response

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

ANSWERS

Question 1

Which of the following is a term used to describe the eye:

Oris
Oculus
Axilla
Mentus

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(Answered) Anatomy and Physiology 1 – Cumulative Exam