INSTRUCTIONS
Read case number 39 starting on page 489 in the text book. Use the lesson video to answer the following question in your case analysis.
- Assuming the bonds are issued at par, what is the hedged cost of funds to Vale (from U.S. dollar perspective) from the British pound and the euro bond issues? To do so, hedge the British pound and euro-dominated annual bond payments into U.S. dollar cash flows and find the implied interest rate. Which issue would you recommend?
2. What is the credit spread implied in the three yields anticipated by Vale? How do these compare to average credit spreads in each of the markets?
3. Compare the yields offered to Vale in each of the three currencies to yields offered by comparable companies in each of the three currencies.
ANSWER
Assuming the bonds are issued at par, the hedged cost of funds to Vale from the British pound and the euro bond issues, when translated into the US dollar perspective, requires converting the annual bond payments from these currencies into US dollars. This is done using the forward exchange rates as a hedge against currency fluctuation. For instance, if Vale issues bonds in euros at a 4.3% percent coupon rate and in British pounds at a 5.4% coupon rate, these payments must be converted into US dollars using their respective forward rates (xxx et al., 2018). The resulting US dollar cash flows are then used to calculate the implied… To access full answer, use the purchase button below.