Questions
Question 1
Of the following, which is not considered a causal fallacy?
- questionable cause
- none of these
- slippery slope
- post hoc ergo propter hoc
- hasty generalization
Question 2
Of the following, which is/are a form of an inductive argument?
- empirical generalization and modus tollens
- causal reasoning and empirical generalization
- modus tollens
- causal reasoning
- empirical generalization
Question 3
Which of the following is/are considered a deductive argument form(s)?
- generalizations
- modus ponens and disjunctive syllogism
- disjunctive syllogism
- modus ponens
- causal reasoning
Question 4
The branch of philosophy that considers questions about what we can and cannot know is:
- all of these
- ethics
- epistemology
- metaphysics
- logic
Question 5
The ultimate aim of philosophy is:
- freedom
- to achieve independence of any prejudice
- all of these
- complete liberty of the mind
- to become moral
Question 6
Russell argued that philosophy diminishes our feeling of certainty as to what things are, but increases our knowledge as to what they may be.
- True
- False
Question 7
Ethics is the branch of philosophy that seeks to establish the rules for correct reasoning, clear understanding, and valid arguments.
- True
- False
Question 8
Arguments are evaluated through a process that examines the truth of the reasons, but not the validity of the conclusion.
- True
- False
Question 9
Epistemology is the study of the ultimate characteristics of reality and existence.
- True
- False
Question 10
A categorical syllogism is considered a type of inductive argument.
- True
- False
Question 11
Unsound arguments can be persuasive because they often appeal to our emotions and prejudices and/or support conclusions that we want to believe are accurate. These types of arguments are known as_______.
- false arguments
- fallacies
- causal reasoning
- inductive arguments
Question 12
A deductive argument’s purpose is to _______.
- state a conclusion as precisely as possible
- show that a conclusion is plausible
- prove that a conclusion is true
- indicate that a conclusion is likely
Question 13
Philosophy provides the _______ required to craft a life inspiring in its challenges and rich in its fulfillment.
- unconscious motivations
- emotional currents
- precepts
- conceptual tools
Question 14
Which of the following is only understood by a Stage 3 critical thinker?
- Understanding right and wrong as defined by our authorities
- Understanding the world in black and white
- Understanding that viewpoints have different values based on evaluative criteria.
- Rejection of authority
Question 15
Why is the “Garden of Eden” stage of thinking unsustainable?
- People learn to argue for their point of view.
- People eventually learn to think critically.
- People realize that authorities may be unreliable and they often disagree with one another
- People realize that they need to clearly state their principles.
Question 16
Which branch of philosophy is defined as the study of the ultimate characteristics of reality or existence?
- epistemology
- logic
- metaphysics
- aesthetics
Question 17
Long ago, the field of philosophy was _______ than it is today.
- less difficult
- better
- more difficult
- broader
Question 18
Philosophy can, most of all, help a person to think more _______.
- quickly
- easily
- critically
- narrowly
Question 19
Why is it important to identify one’s assumptions?
- to enhance one’s moral position
- to demonstrate that one’s initial view is the most correct
- so that it is clear what principles one’s reasoning is based on
- it is the standard way to formally communicate
Question 20
The ancient Greek idea of eudaemonia (happiness) is based on achieving _______.
- what one’s parents expect
- one’s full potential
- greatness
- a comfortable lifestyle
ANSWERS
Question 1
Of the following, which is not considered a causal fallacy?
- questionable cause
- none of these
- slippery slope
- post hoc ergo propter hoc
- hasty generalization
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