QUESTIONS
Question 1
Dr. Lamb is doing a study on people’s ability to problem solve on a timed test. She has them assigned to two groups, one that gets specific training on how to problem solve, and one that teaches speed reading skills. She finds that as people get past the age of 65, performance decreases significantly, regardless of the group in which they have been placed. This is an example what concept?
- maturation
- instrumentation
- history
- all of the above
Question 2
Which of the following is true about a within-subjects design?
- some participants receive one treatment and some receive another
- the participants only receive one level of the independent variable
- participants receive more than one level of the independent variable
- participants are randomly assigned to 2 groups
Question 3
What is an advantage of a within-subjects design?
- ultimate equivalent groups design
- maturation of participants
- carry over effect
- order effect
Question 4
Which of the following is an example of a non-experimental study?
- A study compares self esteem scores for children in different types of special education programs.
- A study compares the performance of two groups of patients diagnosed with dementia. One group receives specialized memory training and the other group listen to music from their teenage years.
- A study compares the performance on timed tests in a room that is painted bright red versus light blue.
- All of the above
- None of the above
Question 5
When would we want to use matching in an experimental study?
- to get rid of all individual differences
- to increase the time effects of the study
- to duplicate advantages of within and between designs
- both 1 and 3
- all of the above
Question 6
What is a design where all participants are part of one group and receive all levels of the independent variable?
- within-subjects design
- between-subjects design
- matched subject design
- none of the above
Question 7
Professor Gomer is doing a study on the effects of stereotyping on decision making in the interview process. There are 3 videotapes that participants see. Professor Gomer makes sure that each participant is given the videotapes in a different order. He makes sure that every possible order of the 3 videotapes is seen. This refers to what concept?
- partial counterbalancing
- complete counterbalancing
- asymmetrical order effects
- maturation
Question 8
Dr. Strange is doing a within-subjects study and wants to compare the mean differences of the number of correct answers between the three different treatments (memorization of words that are related, memorization of words that are not related, and memorization of nonsense syllables). What type of analysis should Dr. Strange use?
- Wilcoxon signed-ranks test
- independent-measures t-test
- repeated measures t-test
- repeated measures analysis of variance
Question 9
Dr. Ping does a study where he has two-treatments (cognitive therapy versus behavioral therapy) in a within-subjects design. What is the advantage of having only two treatments versus multiple?
- reduced risk of people quitting the study
- counterbalancing is easier
- reduced risk that time-related factors influence data
- all of the above
- none of the above
Question 10
Which of the following is a way to control for time effects in a within-subjects design?
- reduce the amount of time between treatments
- avoid regression toward the mean
- keep all treatments consistent
- increase the amount of time between the treatments
Question 11
Participants were involved in a study where they had 4 hours of testing. In the last hour, the participants did not try as hard and do not do as well on the last test because they were tired. This is an example of what concept?
- regression toward the mean
- contrast effect
- progressive error
- carry-over effects
Question 12
Which of the following is true about a non-experimental design?
- It makes serious attempts to minimize threats to internal validity.
- it makes no attempt to minimize threats to internal validity.
- It controls for confounds, much like experimental studies.
- It manipulates one variable.
Question 13
Dr. Football is doing a research study on psychological training programs for children who want to play football at age 8. One group gets the specific psychological training and he gives a survey to the parents and children at the end of the season. This group is in the town where Dr. Football lives. He then asks another football league in another town if he can administer surveys to parents and children at the end of their season. This is an example of what kind of design?
- pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design
- matched group design
- posttest-only nonequivalent control group design
- quasi-experimental design
Question 14
Dr. Polojevic wants to do a study over 25 years to see how individuals who lived through child abuse adapt in their relationships and employment after they become adults. Which of the following is the type of design that should be used?
- within-subjects longitudinal
- within-subjects cross sectional
- between-subjects longitudinal
- between-subjects cross sectional
Question 15
Dr. Education wants to look at the differences between 4th and 5th graders in verbal ability. He gives them a test at the end of the school year and then compares the scores. This is an example of what concept?
- bias in sample selection
- interrupted time series design
- longitudinal design
- differential research design
ANSWERS:
Question 1
Dr. Lamb is doing a study on people’s ability to problem solve on a timed test. She has them assigned to two groups, one that gets specific training on how to problem solve, and one that teaches speed reading skills. She finds that as people get past the age of 65, performance decreases significantly, regardless of the group in which they have been placed. This is an example what concept?
- maturation
- instrumentation
- history
- all of the above
Correct Answer: maturation
Question 2
Which of the following is true about a within-subjects design?
- some participants receive one treatment and some receive another
- the participants only receive one level of the independent variable
- participants receive more than one level of the independent variable
- participants are randomly assigned to 2 groups
Correct Answer: participants receive more than one level of the independent variable
Question 3….
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