QUESTIONS
Question 1
According to hedonism, the key ingredient to the good life is:
- Happiness
- Getting what you want
- Doing God’s will
- Being kind to others.
Question 2
If something is intrinsically valuable, then it must
- Bring about other good things
- Be valuable for its own sake
- Be recognized to be valuable by everyone, not just some people
- Be attainable by everyone
Question 3
The view that we all do act purely out of self-interest is:
- Id, Ego, Superego
- Ethical Egoism
- Altruism
- Psychological egoism
Question 4
If ethical egoism is true, then everyone has the right
- To pursue self-interest
- To be free from interference of others
- To one’s own property
- To do anything
Question 5
The Divine Command Theory states:
- God’s commands are always based on good reasons
- God did not create morality but always accurately reports it
- Acts are morally required just because they are commanded by God
- God created the universe but has nothing to do with morality
Question 6
In Plato’s Euthyphro, Socrates asks:
- “What reasons do we have for believing in the gods?”
- “Do they gods love actions because they are pious, or are they pious because they gods love them?”
- “How do we determine what the gods command us to do?”
- “Why would someone who does not believe in the gods act justly?”
Question 7
Consequentialism states that an action is right if and only if
- It maximizes the amount of goodness in the world
- It gives people what they deserve
- It does not harm anyone
- It is good for the most people
Question 8
Which of the following best describes the relationship between utilitarianism and consequentialism?
- Utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism
- Consequentialism is a form of utilitarianism
- Utilitarianism and consequentialism are completely independent theories
- Utilitarianism and consequentialism are inconsistent
Question 9
What is not an attraction of utilitarianism?
- Impartiality
- Makes it easy to acquire moral knowledge
- Justifies conventional moral wisdom
- Allows for conflict resolution
Question 10
Utilitarianism states that it would always be intrinsically wrong (wrong in itself) to:
- Violate people’s rights
- Kill innocent people
- Lie to people
- None of the above
Question 11
An example of an attitudinal pleasure would be:
- The excitement of riding a roller coaster
- The delicious sensation of eating chocolate cake
- The enjoyment of listening to your favorite song
- The feeling of a warm bath
Question 12
An example of a physical pleasure would be:
- The enjoyment of your favorite book
- The pleasure of another person’s company
- The sensation of a relaxing back massage
- The sense of accomplishment after finishing a marathon
Question 13
What is the paradox of hedonism?
- Those who try very hard to make themselves happy almost never succeed
- The less one cares about material things the happier one will be
- The more one makes other people happy the happier one would be
- All of the above
Question 14
According to the deisre satisfaction theory, we are usually motivated to do what is good for us because
- We are afraid of the consequences if we fail to do so
- Our beliefs about the good motivate us to do things
- Our desires motivate us to do things
- We are afraid of a divine being’s wrath if we fail to do so
Question 15
- Believe that God exists and gives commands
- Believe that God exists and does not give commands
- Believe that God does not exist
- Are not sure whether or not God exists
Question 17
Which of the following claims would a deist accept?
- God does not exist
- God exists but does not give commands
- God exists and gives commands
- God exists, gives commands, and is the creator of morality
Question 17
According to natual law theory, an action is right if and only if:
- It is permitted by the laws of the government
- It maximizes happiness
- It is accordance with God’s commands
- It is accordance with human nature
Question 18
Rousseau believed that people are _________, whereas Hobbes believed that people are_________.
- Cooperative; selfish
- Selfish; cooperative
- Selfish; neither good nor bad
- Neither good nor bad; selfish
Question 19
A psychological egoist would claim that giving up something you want for the sake of a loved one is:
- In reality a self-interested action
- Inadvisable
- Impossible
- Immoral
Question 20
The story of the Ring of Gyges suggests that when people are free to do whatever they want without consequences they tend to behave
- In ways that are spontaneous and creative
- More kindly and compassionately
- Selfishly
- In the same way they would with consequences
Question 21
Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill are credited with developing what theory?
- Utilitarianism
- Divine Command Theory
- Natural Law Theory
- Psychological Egoism
Question 22
Killing one person to save 19 others because that produces the best possible overall happiness is an example of:
- Desire satisfaction theory
- Divine command theory
- Utilitarianism
- Ethical Egoism
Question 23
What is the primary motivation for rule consequentialism?
- It is thought to solve the problem of injustice
- It avoids the irrational rule worship of act utilitarianism
- It allows for more flexibility than act utilitarianism
- It vindicates all existing social norms
Question 24
The experience machine thought experiment is supposed to show that happiness is less valuable if it is based on:
- Immorality
- Selfishness
- False beliefs
- Trivial hobbies
Question 25
Which of the following is not one of the three conceptions of human nature, according to Natural Law Theory?
- Human nature is animal nature
- Human nature is what is innately human
- Human nature is what all humans have in common
- Human nature is only what is rational
Question 26
Wha tmight be a problem for Divine Command Theory?
- Sacred texts are open to interpretation
- How can we prove that a divine being exists?
- How can we prove that a divine being has a hand in morality?
- All of the above
Question 27
In determining the moral permissibility of the death penalty, which would not be a concern for a consequentialist?
- Whether or not the death penalty reduces crime
- Whether or not the death penalty increases security
- Whether or not the death penalty is applied fairly
- Whether or not the death penalty is a deterrent for future crimes
Question 28
A person for the legalization of prostitution who cites the overall benefit to society through regulation, taxes, etc. might be best described as using what theory?
- Utilitarianism
- Ethical Egoism
- Desire Satisfaction Theory
- Divine Command Theory
Question 29
A person against the legalization of marijuana because of the bad consequences associated with it such as addiction, driving while under the influence, etc. might be best described as using what theory?
- Desire Satisfaction Theory
- Divine Command Theory
- Ethical Egoism
- Consequentialism
Question 30
A person for the legalization of mariuana because people should know what is in their own interests and be able to pursue those interests might be best described as using what theory?
- Utilitarianism
- Divine Command Theory
- Natural Law Theory
- Ethical Egoism
Question 31
A friend asks your advice on what to do in a certain situation and you feel that you can and should help. This might be a problem if you are an ethical egoist because:
- Someone is not happy in this theory
- You are treating someone as a means to an end
- This goes against human nature
- Other’s interests seem to be discounted in this theory
Question 32
Your spouse is cheating on you but since you are only interested in happiness, it seems I should lie to you and keep you in the dark. This example might be a problem for what theory?
- Divine Command Theory
- Utilitarianism
- Hedonism
- Psychological egoism
Question 33
You want to go on vacation but it seems that greater overall happiness would require that you give that money to charity instead. This example might be a problem for what theory?
- Divine Command Theory
- Utilitarianism
- Natural Law Theory
- Ethical Egoism
Question 34
You have a minor accident and have to go to the hospital. While you’re there, 5 people are rushed in who will die without an organ transplant, and you happen to be a match for all of them! The doctor wants to sacrifice you for the greater good. He is most likely a(n):
- Act Utilitarian
- Rule Consequentialist
- Divine Command Theorist
- Ethical Egoist
Question 35
You reply to the doctor that there are optimific rules such as “Don’t sacrifice people” that actually produce the greatest good and get rid of this pesky problem of injustice. You are likely a(n):
- Act Utilitarian
- Rule Consequentialist
- Divine Command Theorist
- Ethical Egoist
Question 36
John Stuart Mill was a Divine Command Theorist
- True
- False
Question 37
Desire Satisfaction Theory says that something benefits you if and only if it satisfies your desires.
- True
- False
Question 38
The Euthyphro argument is an argument that points out problems for Divine Command Theory,
- True
- False
Question 39
Natural Law Theory states that morality is not natural and therefore cannot be true.
- True
- False
Question 40
Psychological egoism claims that there are altruistic acts (acts done purely for the benefit of someone else).
- True
- False
Question 41
For utilitarians, the moral community consists of all beings capable of suffering.
- True
- False
Question 42
Utilitarianism is a consequentialist theory.
- True
- False
Question 43
The ethical theory that says that what is right is determined by one’s self-interest is called hedonism.
- True
- False
Question 44
If something has instrumental value then it is valuable because of the goods it brings about, not for its own sake.
- True
- False
Question 45
The Ring of Gyges is a movie about where people who watch a certain video die seven days later.
- True
- False
Question 46
Jeremy Bentham invented ethical egoism.
- True
- False
Question 47
Physical pleasure is defined as pleasant feelings or sensations.
- True
- False
Question 48
One problem for utilitarianism is the question of how we can measure well-being.
- True
- False
Question 49
One problem for ethical egoism is that is does not allow for the existence of moral rights.
- True
- False
Question 50
One problem for natural law theory is the question of how we can prove a divine being.
- True
- False.
ANSWERS
Question 1
According to hedonism, the key ingredient to the good life is:
- Happiness
- Getting what you want
- Doing God’s will
- Being kind to others.
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