QUESTIONS
Question 1
Socrates thought that the soul is immortal because it _______.
- can affect things
- cannot be seen
- is the source of the will
- is unchangeable
Question 2
According to Buddhist philosophy, each self is composed of _______.
- a soul that exists only through positive experiences
- multiple static entities that remain fixed throughout life
- physical form, sensation, conceptualization, dispositions to act, and consciousness
- consciousness and heart
Question 3
Kant thought that Hume was wrong to say that _______.
- all knowledge arises out of experience
- the self is an immaterial thing
- the self delineates the possible forms of knowledge
- the self is just conscious experience
Question 4
St. Augustine’s views on the self _______.
- were totally original
- were very different from the Platonists
- incorporated the Platonist view of the self as a separate immaterial thing
- presaged more contemporary views about the mental and the physical
Question 5
Locke was an empiricist in that he thought that _______.
- the self is a physical thing
- consciousness defines personal identity
- the mind is capable of learning about the world
- all knowledge originates in sense experience
Question 6
Churchland believed a new neuroscience vocabulary will enable us to communicate clearly about consciousness and human experience.
- True
- False
Question 7
According to Plato, the soul is capable of knowing the Forms.
- True
- False
Question 8
Eliminative materialists argue that the self consists of mental and physical components.
- True
- False
Question 9
Rationalism is the epistemological view that sense experience is the primary source of all knowledge.
- True
- False
Question 10
Empiricism is the epistemological view that reason is our primary source of knowledge.
- True
- False
Question 11
A 2007 experiment at the Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience showed brain activity signaling a choice being made up to seven seconds before the subject experienced knowledge of making a choice. The researcher believed this indicated that free will is an illusion. Critics disagreed because ________.
- the brain may simply have been “ramping up” to make a decision
- brain scans are like watching the brain think
- the researcher was unable to replicate his results
- Socrates had conducted similar experiments and come to a different conclusion
Question 12
As the term is used in philosophy, which of the following represents the view that humans are able to make authentically free choices, i.e., that even though we make one choice, we could have made a different one?
- Compatibilism
- Determinism
- Creationism
- Libertarianism
Question 13
Sartre’s “first principle of existentialism” is the idea that _______.
- “Man is nothing else but what he makes of himself.”
- “Man’s life is a line that nature commands him to describe upon the surface of the earth, without his ever being able to swerve from it, even for an instant.”
- “People are born with certain basic instincts that influence and determine how they behave.”
- “If we knew the person thoroughly, and knew all the inducements which are acting upon him, we could foretell his conduct with as much certainty as we can predict any physical event.”
Question 14
Determinism is the thesis that _______.
- everyone determines their own destiny
- every event is determined by events that cause it
- no one is responsible for their actions
- no one has free will
Question 15
Unlike the hard determinists, Jean-Paul Sartre assumed that human freedom is _______.
- only partially correct
- impeded by external forces
- real and total
- an illusion
Question 16
Belief in determinism prevents people from becoming better persons.
- True
- False
Question 17
Freedom is the ability to do whatever one wants.
- True
- False
Question 18
Internal constraints are the limitations to our autonomy imposed by ourselves.
- True
- False
Question 19
Belief in compatibilism prevents people from participating in a revolution.
- True
- False
Question 20
Belief in libertarianism does not allow people to avoid responsibility for their actions.
- True
- False
ANSWERS
Question 1
Socrates thought that the soul is immortal because it _______.
- can affect things
- cannot be seen
- is the source of the will
- is unchangeable
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